Stages in a Marketing Plan Essay -- Business Marketing Papers

Stages in a Marketing Plan This essay will present the stages of a marketing plan and critically evaluate the differences suggested by the leading authors. However it is vital to understand what marketing planning is. Although marketing planning would appear to be a simple and step-by-step process, in reality it is not. As marketing plans are very complex, cross functional and it touches every aspect of organizational life. However the stages of marketing planning will explain and explore some of these issues by focusing on the process of marketing planning. Marketing planning can be defined as a sensible way to manage the sales and marketing function is to find the systematic way of identifying a range of options, to choose one of them, then to schedule and cost out what has to be done to achieve the objectives. Marketing planning is the planned application of marketing resources to achieve marketing objectives; it is simply a logical sequence of a series of activities leading to the setting of marketing objectives and the formulation of plans for achieving them. Companies go through some kind of management process in developing marketing plans. Marketing planning is essential when considering the increasingly hostile and complex environment in which companies operate. Many external and internal factors interact in a complex way, which affect the ability to achieve profitable sales. The four typical examples, which companies set, are maximising revenue, maximising profit, maximising return on investment and minimising costs. Revenue is the monetary value received by a company for its goods or services. It is the net pric... ...d along by momentum. Also if the company's culture and management style are not supportive of marketing planning, then no improvements will occur. And also if the business is highly competitive, no improvements will be seen, however the company might fare much worse without a marketing plan. Common implementation problems of a marketing planning could be lack of a plan for planning, weak support from management, lack of resources, lack of information and also it could occur due to too much detail and being too far ahead. In today's increasingly competitive markets, there is a growing realization that success in the future will only come from meticulous planning and market preparation. Therefore having a marketing plan is useful as it is better to weigh up the costs of planning against the costs of not planning.

Comparing Floods

Compare Floods in LEDC and MEDC I am going to discuss two case studies regarding floods. One of my case studies is of Cocker mouth, this is a town in England exposed to floods this is my case study of an MEDC. My other case study is the LEDC in which I talk about Bangladesh. Cocker mouth is situated in the Lake District in England. England is an MEDC and this area experienced vast ranges of flooding during late November. The town lies among the confluence of two rivers that leave it prone to flooding.The two rivers are the Derwent and Cocker. 320mm of rainfall fell in under 24 hours and this was a predicted fall which took the town by surprise. The River Cocker burst its banks after a 2. 5 metre rise in the river water level; this was a major contribution to the flooding as well as the poor preparation of the towns flood defences. Bangladesh is an LEDC bordering the Indian Ocean and it lies at the forefront of the Ganges Delta. The country is low – lying and most of its land i s 12m below sea level.Floods here have recently become stronger. During the arrival of Cyclone Aila flood waters burst the delta causing storm surges of 10 metres! The floods in both Carlisle and Bangladesh caused a lot of problems for both areas. However in contrast, the MEDC (Carlisle) suffered less from the consequences, whereas, the LEDC (Bangladesh) was affected much worse. Heavy rainfall of 200mm fell over Carlisle in a 36 hour period. The constant rainfall increased runoff because soil became saturated, this runoff ended up flowing into the river Eden.Because Carlisle is a largely urban area, concrete ground made from impermeable materials meant that surface runoff increased. There was a lot of discharge from the River Eden which reached 1520 cumecs. In contrast the Bangladeshi volume of precipitation was much higher so the floods were much worse. Very heavy rainfall amounting to 900mm fell over the month of July. Soils all over Bangladesh became saturated, this increased run off into rivers such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra. Snow melted from glaciers in the Himalayas this also increased discharge into rivers.The highest discharge for both of the biggest rivers in the area peaked at the same time, downstream discharge increased hugely. In Carlisle there was less social impact, 3 people died which is minimal compared to the 2000 deaths in Bangladesh. This is a very large amount of people and losing that many people creates a big social impact. 3000 people were made homeless in Carlisle, this is a very large amount of people, they were temporarily re – sheltered and have been re – homed since. In Bangladesh 25 million people were made homeless, many still haven’t been re – homed even in 2012. schools were flooded in the area but for people living in an MEDC there is likely to be more resources of learning available to them e. g. internet and more education centres in other parts of the country. 44 education institutions were de stroyed in Bangladesh, this being a large amount means it is much harder to find other resources for educational purpose, and many people would have to go without it as it is not economically viable for poorer people in LEDCs to move into different parts of the country. 50 businesses were shut down and must have been relocated and 70,000 houses lost power, there was minimal infrastructural damage therefore repairs to the Carlisle area would not have been too expensive compared to the large scale damage in Bangladesh, factories had to shut down so large scale business went down bringing economy to a halt, 112,000 houses were completely destroyed and whole rivers in that area were polluted. The main social effect in Carlisle was the loss of homes and education centres, in Bangladesh it was the loss of homes, education centres and widespread of water borne disease.The main economic problem in Carlisle was that the shops and local businesses on the area had to shut down as they had to e vacuate, in Bangladesh many areas would have become redundant with major business corporations such as TNCs having to be shut down as many factories were destroyed. The main environmental problem in Carlisle was that the sewage overflowed therefore the streets would have been effected and the surrounding area also, in Bangladesh the Rivers became poisoned by sewage and majority of water supplies in the area became undrinkable.In conclusion Carlisle in an MEDC had a less severe flood and because of its more affluent built up area people were affected in less of a tragic manner. Bangladesh LEDC was affected more and the and the outcome was more disastrous. In conclusion, it is apparent that both the MEDC and the LEDC experienced a variety of impacts producing a multiple chain of cost however impact severity was clearly more drastic in the case Bangladesh as it is an LEDC and its emergency plans and general infrastructure is less developed compared to England (MEDC).

Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont

Where Have All The Red Spruce Gone? Acid Rain in Vermont Forest Ecology Term Paper Grant 1 â€Å"Acid Rain.† It is a term that has been imbedded in us for many decades and yet still it is an issue today. It is a term that was coined in 1872 by Dr. Robert Angus Smith, an English chemist. (Mello 21). He noticed that the air in the cities contained many different contaminates including sulfuric acid, which he believed to be the cause of corroding metals and certain types of damage to plants. His colleagues ignored his studies and findings and it wasn’t until 100 years later that scientists started to explore this serious problem. There are many different pollutants that incur the effects of acid deposition. Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, automobiles, factories, and even residential furnaces. These primary pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO). When nitrogen and sulfur combine with oxygen, a very reactive element in our atmosphere, secondary pollutants are formed. These include photochemical oxidants, such as ozone, and acid deposition. Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide react with oxidants and moisture in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid. These acids are made of hydrogen and nitrate or sulfate ions (Dept of Agriculture 8). These acids can reach the earth as precipitation in the form of rain, Grant 2 snow, sleet, hail, clouds, dew, and fog. It can also reach the earth as dry particles or gasses. Many of these gaseous emissions and particles come from coal burning power plants and other industrial sources. Subsequently, in Northern New York and New England, there are few industrial areas, however the pollutants are carried hundreds of miles and deposited here by different weather patterns. In the 1960’s scientists began to notice a decline in the red spruce population in Vermont... Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont Where Have All The Red Spruce Gone? Acid Rain in Vermont Forest Ecology Term Paper Grant 1 â€Å"Acid Rain.† It is a term that has been imbedded in us for many decades and yet still it is an issue today. It is a term that was coined in 1872 by Dr. Robert Angus Smith, an English chemist. (Mello 21). He noticed that the air in the cities contained many different contaminates including sulfuric acid, which he believed to be the cause of corroding metals and certain types of damage to plants. His colleagues ignored his studies and findings and it wasn’t until 100 years later that scientists started to explore this serious problem. There are many different pollutants that incur the effects of acid deposition. Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, automobiles, factories, and even residential furnaces. These primary pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO). When nitrogen and sulfur combine with oxygen, a very reactive element in our atmosphere, secondary pollutants are formed. These include photochemical oxidants, such as ozone, and acid deposition. Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide react with oxidants and moisture in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid. These acids are made of hydrogen and nitrate or sulfate ions (Dept of Agriculture 8). These acids can reach the earth as precipitation in the form of rain, Grant 2 snow, sleet, hail, clouds, dew, and fog. It can also reach the earth as dry particles or gasses. Many of these gaseous emissions and particles come from coal burning power plants and other industrial sources. Subsequently, in Northern New York and New England, there are few industrial areas, however the pollutants are carried hundreds of miles and deposited here by different weather patterns. In the 1960’s scientists began to notice a decline in the red spruce population in Vermont...

Intellectual performance of mentally children essays

Intellectual performance of mentally children essays Wouldnt it be great if there was a new vitamin that had the potential to raise the intellectual performance of mentally challenged children? A study conducted at Raritan Valleys department of science discovered a vitamin that will increases the intellectual performance of mentally challenged children. After many years of research, this vitamin can improve the mind of a retarded child. With so many children that are born so unfortunate and there was nothing that could be done about it until now. My staff and I have worked on this experiment for a very long time. Our predictions about the vitamin are that it will change the future for the best. The dosage given daily of the vitamins will improve of intellectual performance of each participant in my study. In the following research I needed to conduct servable test on children to find out their intellectual performance. In order to develop such a research, it was necessary to devise a structural approach for gathering and interpreting the information. Children from the school of special education were randomly chosen. Now remember that all of these children are mentally challenged. The children vary from ages of five to nine years old. The children are both males and females. There are ten males and nine females. Factors were taken into account like age, gender, and health that way there couldnt be any differences in either of the two groups. We randomly divide the participants into two groups in order to observe the different reaction. Both groups were giving puzzles to compare their abilities of proceeding data and comprehending. Once establishing that both groups were at the same intellectual performance level we gave one group the vitamin. As for the other group we gave them the same environment and treatment. Exempt they didnt get the vitamin. Data was recorded daily to keep track of both groups. We took pre-plan procedures for dealing with i...

Interesting and Useful Facts about Iron

Interesting and Useful Facts about Iron Iron is one of the elements you encounter in pure form. It is essential for nutrition and used in a variety of household objects. Here are some quick facts about iron. You can find detailed information about iron on the iron facts page. Iron Facts Iron is an element that has been known in its pure form for at least 5,000 years. The name iron comes from the Anglo-Saxon word iron and Scandinavian iarn for the metal.The element symbol for iron is Fe, which comes from the Latin word for iron, ferrum.Iron is one of the most plentiful elements. It comprises about 5.6% of the earths crust and almost all of the earths core.The single largest use of iron is to make steel, an alloy of iron and a smaller amount of carbon. According to achaeological records from Anatolia, man has been producing steel for at least 4,000 years.Iron is a transition metal.Iron is not always magnetic! The a allotrope (or form) or iron is ferromagnetic, yet if it is transformed to the b allotrope, the magnetism disappears even though the crystal lattice is unchanged.Animals and plants require iron. Plants use iron in chlorophyll, the pigment used in photosynthesis. Humans use iron in hemoglobin molecules in blood to allow for the transport of oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Although iron is an essential mineral, too much of it is extremely toxic. Free iron in the blood reacts with peroxides to form free radicals that damage DNA, protein, lipids and other cellular components, leading to illness and sometimes death. 20 milligrams of iron per kilogram of body weight is toxic, while 60 milligrams per kilogram is lethal.Iron primarily forms compounds with 2 and 3 oxidation states.Iron is formed via fusion in stars that have sufficient mass. The sun and many other stars contain significant amounts of iron.

Why there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rether Essay

Why there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rether than India under the present economic climate - Essay Example However, when it comes to economic development both India and China have lot of similarities. These two countries are the most rapidly developing nations in the world at present. It is often said that global wealth is currently shifting from less heavily populated regions to the most heavily populated regions because of the developments in these two countries. India and China have shown the world that how the big curse (Population growth) can be turned to big blessing with the help of suitable economic policies. While most of the other developing nations such as America and European countries are struggling to find enough manpower, India and China have surplus manpower which they are utilizing cleverly for economic development. Even though a developing country may have many other sources of external finance, FDI seems to be the largest among all those sources. According to Malik et al.( 2012), â€Å"FDI is not only considered as a healthy sign for the overall national economy but al so a positive indication for the local industry considering its positive spill over effects† (p.230). FDI is bringing dividends in the progress of India and China in recent times. Majority of the prominent companies have invested heavily in India and China in recent times to capitalise the cheap manpower and other resources. . It should be noted that America and European region are not much promising for the multinational companies at present because of the ongoing recession problems and the ill-health of the economies there. On the other hand, India and China offer fertile soil for such companies and they work on their expansion plans based on the prospects in these two emerging economies. Some people believe that the investment climate in China is better than that in India. On the other hand, many others are of the view that India provides better climate than China for FDI. However, considering the recent performances of India and China in economic development, once can defi nitely say that China has slight edge over India in attracting FDI. This paper analyses why there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rather than India under the present economic climate. What is FDI? According to Dicken (2007), Direct investment is a kind of investment intended to gain control over the activities of another firm. Moreover, FDI is the investment across nations (p.36). Ietto-Giles (2002) pointed out that â€Å"The flow of FDI and portfolio investments across countries generates a very large amount of investment incomes going in the opposite direction† (p.27). In short, the economic progress of a country in the modern era heavily depends on its ability to attract FDI. It should be noted that foreign direct investment is the investment of foreign capital in domestic goods and services. Since the internal resources of a country are limited, the ability to attract FDI determines which way the country is progressing. Adina (2011) mentioned about the training effect of FDI. In her opinion, FDI may help a country to modernize techniques and technologies, increase production and supply of goods, improve quality and competitiveness, create new jobs and grow the quality of life (p. 148). There is a limit for many countries to invest in infrastructure development projects because of various reasons such as budgetary constraints. FDI helps such countries to develop infrastructure with the help of foreign capital even though foreign companies, which bring capital, may exploit some internal resources. While balancing the profit and loss of FDI, profit will exceed the loss and hence most countries try to attract as much as FDI possible. In fact, competition for attracting FDI is huge among

Multicultural Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multicultural Education - Essay Example As the paper discusses  multicultural education means different things to people and this has led to its complexity and since it has so many definitions teachers or instructors implement it in a variety of ways, based on their own understanding of this type of education. There are many reasons why teachers introduce multicultural education in their classrooms and these reasons are implemented to address the following issues: the development of ethnic and cultural literacy; the personal development of individual students especially those from underrepresented communities; the clarification of attitudes and values among students; and finally, the development of a multicultural social competence.  From this discussion it is clear that the main reason for the use of multicultural literature in class is to get the students to appreciate each other’s culture in order to have a positive understanding and respect for each other, no matter their background. This encourages the posi tive development of common relationships, honesty and interest in the others’ culture. Multicultural books should also be used to engender racial pride in students and not to only create an appreciation of the culture of others. Literature affects how students look upon themselves and if some of these students are from a minority background for example, and the literature taught in class does not have any minority character as a hero, then this would lead to a low opinion of their own people, hence a low esteem of themselves. There are many multicultural books that have come into the market and some of these are not the best type of literature to teach to a multicultural class. Teachers should therefore be very careful about the quality of multicultural literature that they introduce to their classes. Given the rising cost of books, teachers might be tempted to only get those books that are cheaper, not considering their quality, as long as it is a multicultural book. However , teachers should always do their best to ensure that their students get only the best quality of material for their classes, no matter their cost. According to Keengwe (2010), teachers should select books that do not display racism by modern standards and should avoid those classics, which openly display racism as well as cultural hatred. They should not only select those books that portray minorities in a positive light, but they should also look at the language quality of each of the books they get because language is an essential part of how students receive the message that the book is attempting to convey. Most teachers have very little understanding of the kind of multicultural literature they should introduce in their classes and because of this, it would be best for them to carefully do their research before making any